@article{2441,
  keywords = {edetic acid, glycerol, iron oxide, nitric oxide, oxidoreductase, RNA 16S, Actinobacteria, amino acid metabolism, amino acid sequence, Article, bacterium, bioinformatics, bootstrapping, Crenarchaeota, energy transfer, Firmicutes, fluorescence activated cell sorting, gene loss, gene sequence, genome analysis, genome size, Geobacillus, glycolysis, horizontal gene transfer, illumina sequencing, Isoptera, metagenome, metagenomics, microbial community, microbial diversity, nonhuman, oxidative phosphorylation, Patescibacteria, phylogeny, plesiomorphy, principal coordinate analysis, protein phosphorylation, Proteobacteria, respiratory chain, sequence analysis, single amplified genome, soil microflora, symbiosis, taxonomy},
  author = {J.P. Beam and E.D. Becraft and J.M. Brown and F. Schulz and J.K. Jarett and O. Bezuidt and N.J. Poulton and K. Clark and P.F. Dunfield and N.V. Ravin and J.R. Spear and B.P. Hedlund and K.A. Kormas and S.M. Sievert and M.S. Elshahed and H.A. Barton and M.B. Stott and J.A. Eisen and D.P. Moser and T.C. Onstott and T. Woyke and R. Stepanauskas},
  title = {Ancestral Absence of Electron Transport Chains in Patescibacteria and DPANN},
  abstract = {Recent discoveries suggest that the candidate superphyla Patescibacteria and DPANN constitute a large fraction of the phylogenetic diversity of Bacteria and Archaea. Their small genomes and limited coding potential have been hypothesized to be ancestral adaptations to obligate symbiotic lifestyles. To test this hypothesis, we performed cell{\textendash}cell association, genomic, and phylogenetic analyses on 4,829 individual cells of Bacteria and Archaea from 46 globally distributed surface and subsurface field samples. This confirmed the ubiquity and abundance of Patescibacteria and DPANN in subsurface environments, the small size of their genomes and cells, and the divergence of their gene content from other Bacteria and Archaea. Our analyses suggest that most Patescibacteria and DPANN in the studied subsurface environments do not form specific physical associations with other microorganisms. These data also suggest that their unusual genomic features and prevalent auxotrophies may be a result of ancestral, minimal cellular energy transduction mechanisms that lack respiration, thus relying solely on fermentation for energy conservation. {\textcopyright} Copyright {\textcopyright} 2020 Beam, Becraft, Brown, Schulz, Jarett, Bezuidt, Poulton, Clark, Dunfield, Ravin, Spear, Hedlund, Kormas, Sievert, Elshahed, Barton, Stott, Eisen, Moser, Onstott, Woyke and Stepanauskas.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  volume = {11},
  url = {https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090137365\&doi=10.3389\%2ffmicb.2020.01848\&partnerID=40\&md5=30313625aa815ea0789affe2cf08f9f5},
  doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01848},
}